Metamorphosis in Hinduism
What if two people were actually the same person? The most influential characters in the two most famous epics in Hindu religion are the same person. They are incarnates of the god Vishnu, known in Hinduism as “the Preserver”. The most well known avatars taken by him include the "Dashavataram"- the ten avatars. Three of the ten main incarnations -- Parashurama, Rama, and Krishna -- are closely linked, although not through family. The hidden symbolism behind them show that they can exist simultaneously, even though they are incarnations of the same god. This representation also establishes that they are not only forms of Vishnu but forms of Rama as well, proving that they can be incarnates of more than one god at the same time.
The three connected incarnations have a lot in common, for a number of reasons: some are easy to piece together, others are more complicated. A simple observation of the Dashavataram reveals that the interconnected three are the only completely human forms of Vishnu. However, being the incarnations of the same god does not imply that they all lived in different lifetimes. In order, they were born as Parashurama, Rama, and Krishna, but they each crossed paths with one another at least once in their lives.. Another key point which looks more closely into the three incarnations' connections is the fact that, as they are human, they each represent one aspect of human emotions - anger, childish fun, and compassion. In addition to all being incarnations of Vishnu, the three human avatars seem to also be avatars of Rama, who is already personified and is one of the three. Speculate this: all except Krishna have a 'rama' in their names, whether at the end or it being the name itself.
Parashurama, or Rama with an axe (Parashu), was anger personified. His story begins with his mother falling in love with a king while fetching holy water for her husband, a sage, to bathe in.Upon finding out what happened, the sage ordered his five sons to behead their mother. When the first four refused, their father cursed them, making them insane. His fifth son, Parashurama, was the only one who cut off his mother’s head with an axe (henceforth the name Parashurama). Pleased, his father decided to grant his son a boon, so Parashurama asked for his mother’s life back, with no memory of death and also the restoration of his brothers' sanity. Parashurama, skillful with the axe, asked for invincibility in single combat as well. Of course, the wish was granted. As he grew older, Parashurama disliked the way the Kshatriyas (warrior caste) considered themselves higher than everyone else due to their vast military knowledge and power as the royal family. After finding his mother harassed and his father murdered by the arrogant Kshatriyas, Parashurama vowed to kill all of the warrior caste, including children. He killed many people, supposedly rid the world of Kshatriya men twenty one times, angered by the death of his father and humiliated by the harassment of his mother. Only the next incarnation of Vishnu, Rama, succeeded in curbing him. Rama and Parashurama crossed paths at that certain point in their lives, even though they were incarnations of the same god.
As Parashurama is generally described as angry, uncontrollable, and hotheaded, he is often thought of as the opposite of Vishnu, whose characteristics are benevolence, willingness, and goodwill. However, each full human avatar of Vishnu personifies a different human emotion, therefore each one acted in an individual way. But what makes Parashurama an avatar of Vishnu is not the way he behaves, or his emotions on a daily basis. What makes them similar is the fact that Vishnu wanted the Kshatriyas destroyed because of their arrogant behavior, and Parashurama wanted them dead for revenge. Vishnu has a secret motive behind every avatar he has been born into, but the incarnation has an elaborate backstory at the same time. Both Vishnu and Parashurama desired social order to be restored, therefore the Kshatriya mindset that they were to the rulers of the human race was corrected by Parashurama reiterating the point of the caste system - that the Brahmins (priests) were of a higher caste than Kshatriyas.
Why is Parashurama called ‘Rama with an axe’? Other than the extremely confusing fact of Rama being born after Parashurama, both possessed quite of the same qualities. Although Rama is sometimes thought of as the 'perfect man', and Parashurama has too much of an uncontrollable temper, both are extremely obedient and listen to their parents, even if it means cutting off their own mother's head. The similarities between Rama and Vishnu in relation to Parashurama hints towards the fact that this specific incarnation of Vishnu is also an incarnation of Rama, who coincidentally is an avatar of Vishnu as well.
The great epic, Ramayana, is well known among Hindus. It features Rama, the prince of the kingdom of Ayodhya, being born as the oldest of four sons to King Dasharatha. Upon winning a competition that required the heaviest bow on earth to be broken, Rama proved his strength, and was wed to Princess Sita. After returning to the palace with her, he encountered Parashurama, livid with rage at seeing a Kshatriya, but subdued him by destroying all of Parashurama’s abodes. However, their life in luxury did not last very long. A devious servant convinced one of the three queens to make her son king and send Rama, the first in line to the throne, to the forest for fourteen years in exile. In turn, the queen used two boons given to her by the king a long time before to send Rama to the forest and make her son king, respectively. Rama readily agreed after hearing what his ‘mother’ wanted, because he was a very obedient child, to his parents, and also to his father's other two wives. The Ramayana merely begins there, and the events that made a story about banishment into an epic began with the kidnapping of Sita, who came with Rama into the forest. Captured by a demon king named Ravana, Sita was taken to the kingdom of Lanka (what is now considered modern Sri Lanka). The long quest to find and bring back Sita safely, as well as the war which took place during the rescue mission, made up the 7 book long epic Ramayana.
Rama was just and kind to all his subjects. He is interpreted as the “perfect man”, because he has compassion towards all his subjects. and thinks logically of solutions to problems. Rama was born as a prince, representing an authorial figure. In addition to being an authorial figure, the caste system plays into this epic as well. Rama was a Kshatriya, the warrior caste being the only one out of four castes trained in the art of warfare. The caste system shows itself repeatedly throughout the course of the Dashavataram, ranging from the Shudra caste (farm workers and peasants) to Brahmins. Why did Vishnu take the form of a Kshatriya? It was the only way Ravana could be defeated. The demon once asked for a boon, to be invincible to everyone except a mortal. Rama, an incarnation of Vishnu, was similar to the Preserver. Both are described as having blue skin, having Lakshmi -- the wealth goddess -- as their wives (Sita was a reincarnation of Lakshmi), and having the compassion and kindness to rule and save humankind.
Krishna is known for his vehemence at the Battle of Kurukshetra during the epic Mahabharata Now known as the Bhagavad Gita, this 700 verse section of the epic proves the philosophical and theological knowledge, and also the vast amount of assistance he provides, starting from his childhood. Krishna was born in a jail cell. A demonic figure named Kamsa had heard that the eighth child of the king’s daughter would be the downfall of him. Locking up the princess and her husband, Kamsa consecutively killed 6 of their children. The seventh child was miscarried, transferred to the womb of another woman. On the day Krishna was born, his father found the chains binding his hands broken, the door to the jail cell open, and all the guards asleep. Knowing it would be extremely dangerous to keep his eighth child in the prison, as Kamsa would kill him, he walked with Krishna in a basket held over his head to the neighboring village of Gokul, in a storm so fierce a dry lake had turned into an ocean. However, it parted as they walked through, as though it had noticed the presence of a divine being. A giant cobra spread his hood over the baby and father, to shield them from the strong gales of wind whipping them. Upon reaching the village, Krishna was switched with another baby, and his father returned unnoticed. In Gokul, Krishna would be known as a troublesome child, but everybody could not help but love him, despite his antics. Kamsa eventually did find out that Krishna was still alive, and as Krishna grew, he sent many demons to find and kill him, but Krishna killed every single one. Finally came the day when him and his brother, Balarama (the baby who transferred into the other womb) found out the truth about their parents, and succeeded in destroying Kamsa in a boxing match. However, Krishna’s childhood was merely the beginning of a long reign as the prince of his own island, an advisor during the Mahabharata, and the defeater of many demons.
Krishna represents childish fun, life on the lighthearted side of things, and logical methods of advice. In his childhood, the serpent which covered him while on his journey to Gokul is the exact one on which Vishnu rests. Other symbols which connect him to the Preserver, as well as Rama, can be pointed out by comparison of their appearances. Both are described as having blue skin, and incarnates (or the original) of Lakshmi for wives. During the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna showed his true form, which is Vishnu, to the man he was addressing. In paintings, both have discuses (chakras) and a conch shell in their hands. Like Rama, Krishna was fair and kind and offered assistance to whoever needed it. He too solved problems logically and methodically.
Parashurama, the angry one, Rama the perfect man, and Krishna, the divine lover, are all reincarnations of the Preserver Vishnu. Although all three are avatars of Vishnu, Parashurama and Krishna also bear resemblances to Rama - not only because of appearances, but also because of the aspects of human emotions that they possess, as well as their backstory and the demons they kill in their lifetimes. This proves that the avatars of Vishnu can be incarnations of more than one god at the same time.
Works Cited
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